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Venezuela oil Export by Country 2025: Analysis & Free Demo

Venezuela oil export by country 2025 TradeInt graphic showing Venezuela map with national flag oil barrels and trade routes to the China US Cuba Malaysia and India

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Venezuela oil export by country 2025: Where does Venezuela export oil the most?

According to TradeInt’s Venezuela oil export shipment data, along with verified sources from FDD & Boe Report, show that China is Venezuela’s largest oil buyer, taking around 80% of its total oil exports, equal to about 746,000 barrels per day in November. Then, the United States, through Chevron-led projects, supplied Cuba under government supply deals, Malaysia, and India.

What country buys the most oil from Venezuela?

  1. China– The largest buyer by volume, providing Venezuela with a stable outlet for its oil exports, while remaining a minor share of China’s overall import needs.

  2. United States– An important buyer for heavy crude, supporting refinery operations along the U.S. Gulf Coast, where Venezuelan oil is well-suited.

  3. Malaysia– Functions mainly as a regional trading and processing hub, importing Venezuelan crude for blending, storage, and re-export rather than domestic consumption.

  4. Cuba– A long-term partner receiving Venezuelan oil mainly to meet domestic energy needs and support economic stability.

  5. India– Previously a key destination valued for refining capacity, but purchases have declined significantly due to trade and compliance constraints.
Top 5 Venezuela Oil Export by Country (2025)
Rank Importing Country Export Value (US$) or
Barrels per day (bpd) 		Top Importing Company Economic Key Drivers
1 China 746,000 bpd MAERSK PANAMA SA Venezuela’s largest strategic oil buyer, absorbing heavy crude shipments to support refinery feedstock needs and long-term energy security, helping Venezuela sustain export revenues amid financing constraints and limited access to Western markets.
2 United States 150,000 bpd CHEVRON GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY U.S. refineries specialize in processing heavy, high-sulfur crude like Venezuela’s, making Venezuelan oil economically valuable for Gulf Coast refining operations.
3 Malaysia 🔒 Unlock Malaysia Oil Import Data BEAU LINE COSMETICS Downstream redistribution activity rather than direct consumption, reflecting Malaysia’s role as a regional oil trading and processing hub.
4 Cuba 24,000 bpd N/A Primary energy lifeline, securing affordable crude supplies to support electricity generation, transportation, and domestic fuel needs amid limited access to global energy markets and ongoing financial constraints.
5 India $443,019,191 RELIANCE INDUSTRIES LIMITED Imports Venezuelan crude to diversify refinery feedstock and secure heavy crude supplies for complex refineries operated by state-linked energy firms.
Data Source: TradeInt, FDD & BOE REPORT

Venezuela oil export industry in 2025: Production, exports, and key exporters

How much oil does Venezuela produce in 2025?

According to Reuters, Venezuela produces about 900,000–1.1 million barrels of oil per day in 2025, but this figure hides a long structural decline. Output has fallen dramatically from nearly 3.5 million bpd in 1998, before Hugo Chávez took office, to around 800,000–960,000 bpd by late 2025, representing less than 0.8% of global production.

Venezuela oil production and consumption 1965 2024
Venezuela: oil production and consumption, 1965-2024

This collapse is not driven by geology but by policy and economics.

Venezuela holds almost 20% of the world’s oil reserves, the largest globally, yet most are ultra-heavy crude in the Orinoco Belt, which is expensive to extract and requires diluents, upgraders, and constant maintenance. Nationalist and interventionist policies under the Chavista regime, combined with years of underinvestment and compounding U.S. sanctions, have left infrastructure degraded and production fragile.

In contrast, Venezuela’s conventional oil fields in the Maracaibo and Monagas basins, including long-producing fields near Lake Maracaibo and the El Furrial field in Monagas, are cheaper to operate but far smaller in scale.

As a result, Venezuela remains an oil superpower on paper, yet in 2025, its actual production reflects operational limits rather than reserve abundance.

How much oil does Venezuela export in 2025?

Venezuela exports about 750,000–966,000 barrels of oil per day in 2025, with its shipments showing a notable rebound compared with earlier years, Reuters reported.

Exports peaked at around 966,000 bpd in August and stayed above 900,000 bpd in November, reaching roughly 921,000 bpd according to tanker monitoring data.  

This recovery reflects improved export logistics, stronger demand, and resumed flows despite ongoing geopolitical and operational challenges, as reported in trade analyses, shipping records, and FDD and BoE summaries.

What oil product categories does Venezuela export the most in FY2025?

Based on shipment-level data from TradeInt, Venezuela oil exports in 2025 are overwhelmingly dominated by crude oil and related petroleum products (HS 2709), generating over US$8.55 billion, which accounts for almost the entire export value. Other oil-related categories are mineral fuels & oils (HS 2710) and essential oils (HS 3304).

Key Venezuelan oil export product categories (FY2025):

  1. HS 2709– Crude petroleum oils are exported for refinery processing, forming the core of Venezuela’s export economy.

  2. HS 4017– Hard rubber and rubber waste are exported in minimal quantities for industrial or recycling use.

  3. HS 2710– Refined petroleum products, exported in negligible volumes compared to crude oil.

  4. HS 3304– Essential oils, cosmetics, and toiletries with no material impact on Venezuela’s export trade.
Top 5 Venezuela Oil Export Product Category (2025)
Rank HS Code Export Product Category Value (US$) Quantity
1 2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude $8,552,686,579 🔒 Unlock Venezuela Oil Trade Data
3 4017 Hard rubber (e.g. ebonite) in all forms, including waste and scrap 🔒 Unlock Venezuela Oil Trade Data
4 2710 Petroleum oils and oils from bituminous minerals, not crude
5 3304 Essential oils, perfumes, cosmetics & toiletries
Data Source: TradeInt

Who are the top Venezuelan oil exporting companies in 2025?

Venezuela’s oil exports are dominated by state-linked exporters, led by PDVSA and its affiliates, which together account for over 50% of crude value in FY2025, data driven by TradeInt’s AI-powered trade intelligence platform. The top Venezuelan oil exporter alone generates US$4.06 billion (45%) of the HS 2709 value, while the top three exporters collectively control approximately 82% of the total oil export value, highlighting strong state concentration.

Top 5 Venezuela Oil Exporting Companies by HS Code 2709 (2025)
Rank Exporter Top HS Code Value (US$) Share (%) Quantity
1 PDVSA PETROLEO SA 2709 $4,062,643,292 47.50% 🔒 Unlock Venezuela Oil Trade Data
2 PDVSA PETROLEO S A 2709 $2,007,888,908 23.48%
3 PDVSA PETROLEOLO S A 2709 $1,417,314,720 11.45%
4 PDVSA PETROLEO Y S A 2709 $677,315,351 7.92%
5 PETROPIAR SA 2709 $343,875,079 4.02%
Data Source: TradeInt

In FY2025, Venezuelan oil exports are primarily loaded at José Terminal, which handles approximately US$360.7 million in export value, followed by Amuay with US$40.7 million, reflecting a concentration around key state-controlled ports.

 

On the import side, data tracked by TradeInt across international customs filings reveals that shipments are mainly discharged at Pascagoula (US$972.0 million) and Corpus Christi (US$509.3 million), highlighting strong U.S.-centric export flows.

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Venezuela oil export by country 2025 | Top 5 main importer country destinations

1. China

Does Venezuela export oil to China?

Yes, China is the largest Venezuela oil export country in recent years, often taking over 600,000 barrels per day at times during the year. This made China the top export destination, accounting for the biggest share of Venezuela’s roughly 750,000–966,000 bpd export levels in 2025.

Venezuela Oil Export to China by HS Code (Jan–Mar 2025)
Rank HS Code Value (US$) Share (%) Quantity
1 2709 $198,844,954 82% 444,118,304
2 2713 $44,672,140 18% 399,483,655
Data Source: TradeInt

China absorbed around 75–80% of Venezuelan oil exports, equivalent to roughly 740,000–750,000 barrels per day, while total Venezuelan exports averaged about 920,000 bpd.

In contrast, although China is the dominant buyer, Venezuelan crude still represented only 3–4% of China’s total oil imports, limiting China’s exposure at a systemic level.

The trade was driven by feedstock compatibility.

In fact, Venezuelan Merey 16 heavy crude fits a narrow set of complex refining configurations, mainly among independent refiners in Shandong, where switching to lighter grades raises costs and reduces yields. However, trade economics tightened in 2025 as discounts narrowed to around US$5 per barrel below Brent, down from double-digit discounts in earlier years, compressing refinery margins and capping volume growth.

Operationally, exports reflected higher friction:

  • Cargoes moved via non-traditional routing and rebranding, increasing transaction risk and costs

  • Purchases concentrated among independent refiners, while state-owned firms stayed cautious

  • Venezuelan crude competed more directly with other heavy grades, particularly Canadian supply

  • Chinese companies remained tied to projects representing about 10% of Venezuelan production, linking exports to ongoing output rather than spot demand

  • Oil-backed loans of US$10–12 billion have anchored shipments to repayment schedules, not expansion

2. United States: $8.15B

How much oil did the U.S. import from Venezuela in 2025?

In FY2025, the United States imported about 7.44 billion kilograms of oil worth USD$8.15 billion from Venezuela, reflecting the full volume recorded for U.S.-bound shipments, as TradeInt’s global customs and trade intelligence data presents. This figure aggregates verified customs and shipment records to provide accurate, shipment-level visibility into international oil trade flows.

Venezuela exports extra-heavy, high-sulfur oil, which significantly limits the number of viable buyers. Many U.S. Gulf Coast refineries were designed to process this grade efficiently, allowing Venezuelan crude to be used in regular refinery operations rather than traded opportunistically.

 

Curious how Venezuela’s oil exports compare with those of other global countries?
🔎 Must read also: Top 10 Crude Oil Exporting Countries in the World 2023

United States Total Oil Import Value (2025): US$2.58 billion

In 2025, TradeInt’s data comparison check analyzed that Venezuela’s oil exports to the United States declined sharply compared with 2024, where total export value fell to US$2.58 billion, down from US$5.71 billion a year earlier, a drop of more than 55% year over year. Crude oil remained the dominant product, but overall shipments became more concentrated, with fewer downstream petroleum products moving to the U.S. market.

Key shifts from 2024 to 2025:

  1. Crude oil (HS 2709):Fell from about US$5.59B to US$2.41B, remaining the core export despite lower volumes

  2. Petroleum coke residues (HS 2713):Increased in value share in 2025, indicating continued refinery-linked trade

  3. Refined and specialty products (HS 2710, 2715, 2707):Became marginal in 2025 compared with broader participation in 2024
Top 5 Venezuela Oil Export Product Category to the United States (2025)
Rank HS Code Category Value (US$) Quantity
1 2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude $2,411,816,921 36,630,778
2 2713 Residues of petroleum coke $166,825,049 436,360
3 2715 Asphalt mixtures based on natural asphalt $4,891,414 11,189
4 2707 Oils and other products obtained from the distillation of high-temperature coal tar N/A N/A
5 2710 Petroleum and oils extracted from bituminous minerals, excluding crude oil N/A N/A
Data Source: TradeInt
United States Total Oil Import Value (2024) from Venezuela: US$5.71 billion

In 2024, Venezuela’s oil exports to the United States were dominated by crude oil, with total import value reaching US$5.71 billion. Crude oil (HS 2709) accounted for the vast majority of shipments, over US$5 billion, supplying U.S. refineries that are configured for heavy crude processing, data supplied by TradeInt.

Secondary products, such as petroleum coke residues and limited refined petroleum products, played a much smaller role.

Top Venezuela Oil Export Products to the United States (2024):

  1. HS 2709 – Crude oil:US$5.59B, core supply for U.S. heavy-crude refineries

  2. HS 2713 – Petroleum coke residues:US$69.1M, used in industrial and refining processes

  3. HS 2710 – Refined petroleum oils (excluding crude):US$42.1M, limited downstream supply

  4. HS 2715 – Asphalt mixtures:US$3.29M, niche construction and infrastructure use

  5. HS 2707 – Oils from coal tar distillation:Marginal volumes, minor specialty applications
Top 5 Venezuela Oil Export Product Category to the United States (2024)
Rank HS Code Category Value (US$) Quantity
1 2709 Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals; crude $5,591,455,666 82,750,973
2 2713 Residues of petroleum coke $69,139,616 166,893
3 2710 Petroleum oils and oils extracted from bituminous minerals, excluding crude oil $42,132,628 573,676
4 2715 Asphalt mixtures based on natural asphalt $3,285,324 15,477
5 2707 Oils and other products obtained from the distillation of high-temperature coal tar N/A N/A
Data Source: TradeInt

Did the US own oil in Venezuela?

No. Venezuela’s oil reserves remain state-owned. U.S. companies may purchase crude or operate under licenses or joint ventures, but they do not own the reserves. This is a commercial trade relationship, not ownership.

 

Despite holding the world’s largest proven oil reserves (303 billion barrels), Venezuela’s export volumes remain constrained by infrastructure limitations, heavy-crude complexity, and investment needs rather than resource availability.

Global Largest Oil Reserves (bn barrels)
Rank Country Proven Oil Reserves (bn barrels)
1 Venezuela 303
2 Saudi Arabia 267
3 Iran 209
4 Iraq 145
5 United Arab Emirates 113
6 Kuwait 102
7 Russia 80
8 Libya 49
9 United States 45
10 Nigeria 37
Estimate of proven crude oil reservesbarrels
Estimate of proven crude oil reserves(barrels)

3. Malaysia: Does Venezuela export oil to Malaysia?

According to TradeInt, Venezuelan oil exports moving through Malaysia are closely linked to ship-to-ship (STS) transfers and rebranding practices, particularly during periods when sanctions restricted direct access to Asian buyers.


Reuters data shows that in November 2025, Venezuela exported roughly 921,000 bpd, with around 80% ultimately absorbed by China, often routed through Malaysian waters. This highlights Malaysia’s function as a transit and concealment node, not a consumption centre.

Key factors shaping Venezuela–Malaysia oil trade performance include:

  • Transhipment dependency– Malaysian hubs facilitate STS transfers rather than refinery intake

  • Sanctions friction– Vessel-level designations and tighter enforcement raise operational risk and costs

  • Crude quality limits– Venezuela’s Merey crude (~16–17 API) narrows the pool of refineries able to process it efficiently

  • Substitute pressure– Canadian and Mexican heavy crudes compete for the same Asian demand, tightening economics

💡 As enforcement intensifies, the Malaysian corridor has become higher-friction and less reliable, constraining volumes.
To better understand Malaysia’s role in global trade beyond oil transhipment, one must also read: Malaysia Top 5 Export Product List in the World 2024.

4. Cuba

Venezuela’s oil exports to Cuba in 2025 continued at much lower levels, with shipments averaging about 26,500 barrels per day, covering roughly 1/3 of Cuba’s daily needs, a sharp decline from past years when Venezuelan oil underpinned electricity generation, transport, and basic services.

This reduction mattered because Cuba’s energy system remains highly oil-dependent.

Oil still accounts for over 80% of power generation and more than half of total energy consumption, linking fuel availability directly to electricity, food storage, transport, and industry. As Venezuelan flows weakened, shortages became more visible across daily economic activity.

Cuba attempted to offset the decline through alternative suppliers, but the results were limited:

  • Venezuela remained the single largest supplier, despite reduced volumes.

  • Mexico provided supplementary shipments, without scaling up meaningfully.

  • Other partners contributed only marginal amounts.

5. India

Based on TradeInt’s shipment-level trade intelligence data, Venezuela exported approximately 229.54 million kilograms of oil to India during the measured period, marking its 2nd position among Venezuela oil export by country. This confirms that oil trade between Venezuela and India did occur, but on a much smaller scale compared with U.S.-bound exports.

However, overall export performance to India remains weak despite Venezuela holding 303 billion barrels of proven reserves, the largest globally. Venezuela currently accounts for less than 1% of global oil production, with output fluctuating at around 900,000–1.03 million bpd, far below its historical capacity.

 

This limits available export volumes regardless of buyer interest.

Several structural factors explain the muted performance:

  • Sanctions impact– U.S. secondary sanctions halted most exports to India and the EU and restricted access to diluent chemicals required to process Venezuela’s heavy crude

  • Operational bottlenecks– Shortages of light crude and diluents disrupted blending and export schedules

  • Licensing dependency– Indian imports depend on case-by-case U.S. Treasury approvals, preventing stable long-term contracts
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What will happen to Venezuela oil reserves in 2026?

Venezuela’s oil reserves will remain largely untapped in 2026, despite political impact.

The country still holds about 303 billion barrels of proven reserves, roughly 17% of global oil reserves, but production is expected to recover slowly. Even with leadership changes and potential easing of restrictions, damaged infrastructure, lack of investment, and technical constraints limit short-term output growth.

With that being said, Venezuela’s oil exports in 2026 are more likely to stabilize gradually rather than surge, reshaping trade flows cautiously rather than disrupting global markets.

Conclusion

In 2025, Venezuela’s oil exports underscore a stark disconnect between reserve size and export performance. Despite holding 303 billion barrels of proven reserves, Venezuela exported only around US$8.5 billion worth of oil, with Venezuela oil export by country are the United States, accounting for over US$8.15 billion and 7.44 billion kilograms of shipments. Smaller, episodic volumes reached India (≈229.5 million kg), while Malaysia, Vietnam, and Belgium played indirect or project-based roles.

TradeInt’s shipment-level data indicate that Venezuela’s oil trade is constrained by the complexity of heavy crude, infrastructure limitations, and regulatory access, resulting in exports being concentrated in a few refinery-compatible markets.

Explore verified shipment data and talk to a trade expert on TradeInt

FAQ

1. Which countries import the most Venezuelan oil?

China is the largest importer of Venezuelan crude oil, accounting for over 80% of exported oil from Venezuela, followed by the United States, India, and Malaysia, based on TradeInt’s latest oil export data & other verified trade insight sources.

Learn more about Venezuela’s imports and exports in 2025

Venezuela has more proven oil reserves than Saudi Arabia, with about 303 billion barrels compared to Saudi Arabia’s 267 billion barrels, based on global reserve estimates shown in the image.

See how Venezuela’s oil reserves translate into real import-export flows with TradeInt’s global trade intelligence.

China buys the most Venezuelan crude oil, averaging 746,000 bdp in 2025, then the United States imports over US$8.15 billion worth, according to TradeInt’s U.S. import data, with 150,000 bdp in fiscal year 2025.

Check out the biggest United States oil importers on the global trade data platform

Venezuela holds the largest proven oil reserves (303 billion barrels) but produces less than 1% of global output, limiting its oil income.

Need deeper access to Venezuela’s import-export trade profile overview? Access Venezuela’s Trade Data Overview

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(b) If you contact us for any reason, we may keep a record of that correspondence.
(c) Personal data that may be captured via any error logging and reporting tool that captures error report data and, at your option and with your consent, sends this data to us in order for us to be informed of any software errors or problems that may occur during your use of our Website or the services provided on it.
(d) Details of your visits to our Website, the activities you engage in when accessing our Website and the resources that you access on or via our Website.
 
3. Cookies
We use cookies on our Website. A cookie is a text file that a website transfers to your computer’s hard disk so that the website can remember who you are. Cookies only record those areas of a website that have been visited by your computer and for how long.
You have the ability to accept or decline cookies by modifying the setting in your browser. If you would like to do this, please see the help menu of your browser. However, you may not be able to use all the interactive features of our Website if cookies are disabled.
 
4. How we use your personal data
We may use your personal data that we possess for the following purposes:
(a) to process, administer and/or manage your Member account with us and contact you as may from time to time be necessary in connection with your use of our Website and/or the Services made available on it;
(b) to contact you through the contact information provided by you in order to provide you with information that you request from us;
(c) to manage and administer your use of our Website and contact you as may from time to time be necessary in connection with your use of our Website;
(d) To collect information relating to your online interactions with us (including, for example, your IP address and the pages you view) so that we can offer you a more consistent and personalized experience in your relationship with us and better serve your needs by customizing the content that we share with you;
(e) to store, host and/or back up (whether for disaster recovery or otherwise) your personal data, whether within or outside Singapore;
(f) for record-keeping purposes;
(g) to conduct research, analysis and development activities (including but not limited to data analytics, surveys and/or profiling) to improve our Website, services and facilities in order to enhance the services we provide to you, where you have consented to be contacted for such purposes;
(h) to perform credit risk, know-your-customer, anti-money laundering / countering the financing of terrorism, financial and other relevant risk assessments and checks on you;
(i) to responding to legal process, pursuing legal rights and remedies, defending litigation and managing any complaints or claims;
(j) to respond to requests for information from public and governmental / regulatory authorities, statutory boards, related companies and for audit, compliance, investigation and inspection purposes;(k) to comply with any applicable law, regulation, legal process or government request;
(l) to enforce or apply our Terms of Use and [insert name of Platform Agreement]; or
(m) to protect the rights, property or safety of any person (including for the purposes of fraud detection and prevention).
 
5. Disclosure of your information
Your personal data may be used, disclosed, maintained, accessed, processed and/or transferred to the following third parties, whether sited in Singapore or outside of Singapore (including the People’s Republic of China), for one or more of the purposes set out above:
(a) our headquarters, subsidiaries and group companies;
(b) third party service providers which require the processing of your data, for example, third party service providers which have been engaged by us to: (i) to provide and maintain any IT equipment used to store and access your personal information; (ii) to host and maintain our Website; or 
(iii) otherwise in connection with the provision of certain services provided to you on or via our Website;
(c) our auditors and legal advisors;
(d) public and governmental/regulatory authorities, statutory boards, industry associations; and /or
(e) courts and other alternative dispute forums.
In certain circumstances we may provide third parties (whether or not located in Singapore) with aggregate information about our Website’s users. This may include information about your computer, including where available your IP address, operating system and browser type, for system administration and to report aggregate information to our advertisers. This is anonymized statistical data about our users’ browsing actions and patterns, and does not identify any individual. If we are under a duty to disclose or share your personal data in order to comply with any legal obligation, or in order to enforce or apply our Website Terms of Use; or to protect the rights, property, or safety of any person (including for example for the purposes of fraud detection and prevention). Please rest assured that we never sell or rent your personal data.
 
6. Transfer of your personal data outside of Singapore
The personal data that we collect from you may be transferred to, used, processed and stored outside of Singapore for one or more of the purposes set out above. By submitting your personal data and/or using our Website, you agree and consent to such transfer, storing or processing.
We have entered into contractual undertakings to ensure that the personal data which we collect from you and transfer to our service providers (whether or not located in Singapore) is adequately protected.
We will take reasonable steps to maintain appropriate physical, technical and administrative security to help prevent loss, misuse, unauthorized access, disclosure or modification of your personal information.
 
7. Updating your information
Where you submit your personal data on our Website, you should try to ensure such personal data is accurate, and let us know if such personal data changes so that we are not holding any inaccurate personal data about you.
 
8. Your rights
You may withdraw your consent for us to collect, use, disclose and/or process your personal data for some or all of the purposes listed in this Privacy Policy.
You may request to access and/or correct the personal data currently in our possession by writing to the Data Protection Officer using the contact details provided below. Please note that we may charge you a reasonable fee for the handling and processing of your requests to access your personal data.
 
9. Changes to this Privacy Policy
We reserve the right to amend the terms of this Privacy Policy at our absolute discretion. Any amended privacy policy will be posted on our Website. You are expected to check this page from time to time to take notice of any changes we have made as they are binding on you. Your continued use of our Website and/or the services made available on or via our Website following any amendment of this Privacy Policy will signify your assent to and acceptance of its revised terms.
 
10. Further information about protection of personal data and the Singapore Personal Data Protection Act 2012
If you want to contact us with specific queries or concerns in relation to this Privacy Policy, or if you have any questions or complaints as to how your personal data is collected, used, disclosed and/or processed by us, please contact our Data Protection Officer at [email protected].