Table of Contents
Top Iran oil export destinations: Who buys oil from Iran in 2025?
According to TradeInt’s Iran oil export database, Iran exported US$7.7 billion worth of crude and petroleum oils in 2025, with exports highly concentrated among five core buyers. The United Arab Emirates alone absorbed about US$4.41 billion, acting as the main transshipment and trading hub for Iranian oil, followed by China (US$721.57 million) as the largest end-market buyer. Oman (US$463.39 million), Afghanistan (US$260.53 million), and Pakistan (US$197.88 million) formed the next tier of demand, mainly linked to regional refining, power generation, and domestic fuel supply, with total export volume reaching roughly 3.0 billion units in 2025.
Top Iran Oil Export Destinations in 2025:
- United Arab Emirates (UAE)– US$4,413,891,284 (57.29%): Iran’s largest oil export destination, acting as a major transshipment, blending, and re-export hub.
- China– US$721,571,671 (9.37%): A key end-market buyer supporting refining capacity, industrial fuel demand, and long-term energy security.
- Oman– US$463,388,448 (6.01%): Functions as a regional refining and logistics gateway for processing and redistribution.
- Afghanistan– US$260,534,822 (3.38%): Relies heavily on Iranian petroleum products for domestic fuel supply and electricity generation.
- Pakistan– US$197,880,881 (2.57%): Imports Iranian oil to supplement energy shortages and support transport and industrial use.
- India– US$169,724,988 (2.20%): Imports limited volumes, mainly through indirect channels, reflecting refinery demand amid geopolitical constraints.
- Iraq– US$126,768,064 (1.65%): Engages in cross-border energy trade to balance fuel supply and electricity generation needs.
| Rank | Oil-Importing Country | Top 3 HS Code | Export Value (USD) | Share (%) | Economic Key Drivers | Quantity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | UAE |
1. 271012 2. 271320 3. 271019 |
$4,413,891,284 | 57.29% | Acts as the primary transshipment and trading hub for Iranian oil, supporting re-exports, blending, storage, and indirect access to global energy markets. | 🔒 Explore UAE Imports Trade Data |
| 2 | China |
1. 271012 2. 271320 3. 271019 |
$721,571,671 | 9.37% | Driven by long-term energy demand and strategic sourcing diversification to support refining capacity and industrial output. | 🔒 Explore China Imports Trade Data |
| 3 | Oman |
1. 271320 2. 271500 3. 271019 |
$463,388,448 | 6.01% | Functions as a regional refining and logistics gateway, importing Iranian oil for processing, storage, and onward redistribution. | 🔒 Explore Oman Imports Trade Data |
| 4 | Afghanistan |
1. 271019 2. 271012 3. 271119 |
$260,534,822 | 3.38% | Relies on Iranian petroleum products to meet domestic fuel demand, electricity generation needs, and cross-border trade dependencies. | 🔒 Explore Afghanistan Imports Trade Data |
| 5 | Pakistan |
1. 271119 2. 271320 3. 271019 |
$197,880,881 | 2.57% | Supplements domestic energy shortages and supports transportation, power generation, and industrial fuel consumption. | 🔒 Explore Pakistan Imports Trade Data |
| 6 | India |
1. 271119 2. 271320 3. 271290 |
$169,724,988 | 2.20% | Imports limited volumes through indirect channels, balancing refinery demand with geopolitical and energy diversification strategies. | 🔒 Explore India Imports Trade Data |
| 7 | Iraq |
1. 271019 2. 271012 3. 151610 |
$126,768,064 | 1.65% | Cross-border energy trade supports electricity generation, fuel balancing, and regional energy interdependence. | 🔒 Explore Iraq Imports Trade Data |
| 8 | Vietnam |
1. 271320 2. 271019 3. N/A |
$47,211,550 | 0.61% | Imports niche volumes for refining and industrial fuel use, reflecting opportunistic sourcing rather than long-term dependency. | 🔒 Explore Vietnam Imports Trade Data |
| 9 | Bangladesh |
1. 271320 2. 271019 3. N/A |
$30,716,969 | 0.40% | Imports small volumes to support power generation and transportation energy needs amid rising domestic demand. | 🔒 Explore Bangladesh Imports Trade Data |
| 10 | Kenya |
1. 271320 2. 271019 3. 330499 |
$24,377,459 | 0.32% | Fuel supply diversification supporting domestic transport, industrial activity, and energy consumption needs. | 🔒 Explore Kenya Imports Trade Data |
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Who is the biggest oil exporter in the world in 2025?
In 2025, Saudi Arabia is the world’s largest oil exporter, with a crude oil export value exceeding US$200 billion and an average of 7–8 million barrels per day in exports, according to TradeInt’s global trade analysis.
Saudi Arabia leads by a wide margin due to its large proven reserves, stable production capacity, and long-term supply relationships with major importers in Asia and Europe. Its export volumes and value significantly surpass those of other top exporters, reinforcing its position as the global oil supply anchor.
1. United Arab Emirates - US$4.4 billion
What are the top oil products does Iran export to UAE?
According to TradeInt’s Iran–UAE oil trade database, Iran exported approximately US$4.41 billion worth of oil and petroleum products to the United Arab Emirates in 2025, with shipments overwhelmingly dominated by crude oil (HS 271012) valued at US$3.49 billion, reflecting the UAE’s role as a regional re-export and trading hub. TradeInt’s latest data further shows that these exports were followed by other petroleum oils (HS 271019, US$431.86 million), fuel oils (HS 271320, US$397.31 million), specialised petroleum products (HS 271099, US$81.60 million), and bituminous products such as hard bitumen (HS 271500, US$6.87 million), collectively supporting refining, storage, blending, construction fuel use, and downstream industrial activities across the UAE energy supply chain.
Top 5 Iran Oil Export Products to UAE by HS code in 2025:
- HS 271012– US$3.49B (79.02%): Core crude/light oil exports used mainly for re-export, blending, and trading, underpinning the UAE’s function as a regional energy redistribution center.
- HS 271019– US$431.9M (9.78%): Refined petroleum oils supporting fuel supply, storage, and flexible redistribution across regional and offshore markets.
- HS 271320 – US$397.3M (9.00%):Bitumen and related products supplying construction and infrastructure demand in the UAE and nearby markets.
- HS 271099– US$81.6M (1.85%): Specialized petroleum products used in niche industrial and energy applications, adding incremental trade value.
- HS 271500 – US$6.9M (0.16%):Blown and hard bitumen products serving limited but strategic construction and industrial maintenance needs.
| Rank | HS Code | Value (US$) | Share (%) | Top Exporting Companies | Top Importing Companies | Economic Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 271012 | $3,487,773,995 | 79.02% | IRAN OIL EXPLORATION | 🔒 Explore UAE Oil Importing Companies Trade Data 2025 | Represents the core of Iran–UAE oil trade, primarily used for re-export, blending, and trading activities, reinforcing the UAE’s role as a regional energy redistribution hub. |
| 2 | 271019 | $431,855,972 | 9.78% | SEPAHAN OIL | Supports downstream fuel supply, storage, and refining-related activities, enabling flexible sourcing and redistribution across regional and offshore markets. | |
| 3 | 271320 | $397,306,349 | 9.00% | ASEAN TRADE ASIA | Supplies construction and infrastructure demand in the UAE and neighboring markets, reflecting Iran’s role as a cost-competitive regional bitumen supplier. | |
| 4 | 271099 | $81,599,473 | 1.85% | AFTAB TEJARAT ARCHITECTS | Serves niche industrial and energy applications, contributing incremental trade value through specialized petroleum product flows. | |
| 5 | 271500 | $6,865,779 | 0.16% | JAM HENDIJAN BLOWN HARD BITUMEN COOPERATIVE COMPANY | Supports limited but strategic use in construction and industrial maintenance, representing specialized downstream demand rather than bulk energy trade. |
Iran oil export 2025 data shows in late 2025, the UAE received around 120.5 thousand barrels per day, equal to about 5.9% of Iran’s total oil exports, ranking it second after China. This steady share indicates that Iran oil exports remain structurally dependent on UAE logistics even as sanctions tighten.
In fact, Iran oil exports to the UAE are concentrated in fuel oil and refined petroleum products, which are routed through ports such as Fujairah. These products are commonly blended with local supplies and re-exported, allowing Iranian oil to enter global markets indirectly while supporting UAE trading, storage, and bunkering activity.
Key data-driven observations:
- Export flows are product-heavy rather than crude-heavy, aligning with re-export economics
- Volumes remained resilient even as total Iranian exports fluctuated between 2.06 and 2.15 mbpd
- Shipments rely on large tanker classes, improving cost efficiency per barrel
- The UAE’s role strengthens Iran oil exports by absorbing and redistributing supply, not consuming it
- Continued vessel activity shows limited disruption to Iran oil export data despite sanctions
Read TradeInt’s analysis on Venezuela’s oil exports to dive deep into how Iran–Venezuela oil flows work in 2025 and what they reveal about current global trade dynamics.
2. China - US$721.6 million
Does China buy Iranian oil?
Yes. According to TradeInt’s global trade data and shipment-level customs records, China remained a major buyer of Iranian oil in 2025. Iran’s total oil exports to China reached approximately US$743.1 million, accounting for about 9.4% of Iran’s total oil export value. The trade is highly concentrated, with HS 271012 (US$431.6M), HS 271320 (US$287.0M), and HS 271019 (US$24.0M) making up over 99% of Iran’s oil shipments to China, primarily supporting refining, infrastructure, and industrial fuel demand.
Top 5 Iran Oil Export Products to China by HS Code in 2025
- HS 271012– US$431.6M (57.95%): Core crude/light oil exports supplying China’s refining system and supporting long-term industrial fuel and energy diversification needs.
- HS 271320– US$287.0M (38.54%): Bitumen products used for infrastructure development, road construction, and industrial maintenance, positioning Iran as a cost-competitive supplier.
- HS 271019– US$24.0M (3.22%): Refined petroleum oils supporting downstream industrial processes and specialized fuel blending applications.
- HS 250300– US$845K (0.11%): Limited but strategic sulfur-related inputs for chemical processing, fertilizer production, and industrial manufacturing.
- HS 271290– US$622K (0.08%): Niche petroleum wax and specialty products serving small-scale industrial and specialty manufacturing demand.
| Rank | HS Code | Value (US$) | Share (%) | Top Exporting Companies | Economic Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 271012 | $431,632,700 | 57.95% | IRAN OIL EXPLORATION | Forms the backbone of Iran–China oil trade, supplying China’s refining system and supporting industrial fuel demand while contributing to energy cost diversification. |
| 2 | 271320 | $287,049,012 | 38.54% | PARSIAN ENERGY BITUMEN INDUSTRY | Supports China’s infrastructure, road construction, and industrial maintenance demand, reflecting Iran’s role as a cost-competitive regional bitumen supplier. |
| 3 | 271019 | $23,951,619 | 3.22% | IRANOL OIL COMPANY | Serves downstream industrial and fuel blending needs, enabling flexible sourcing for specialized energy and manufacturing applications. |
| 4 | 250300 | $845,052 | 0.11% | NATIONAL IRANIAN GAS COMPANY | Supplies limited but strategic input for chemical processing, fertilizers, and industrial manufacturing within China’s downstream sectors. |
| 5 | 271290 | $621,730 | 0.08% | SEPAHAN OIL | Represents niche demand tied to industrial processing and specialty manufacturing, contributing marginal but diversified trade value. |
Get a quick preview of China’s exporter landscape across major Chinese import products and global markets.
In 2025, China absorbed over 80% of Iran oil exports, averaging around 1.38 million barrels per day. As a result, Iranian oil accounted for approximately 13–14% of China’s seaborne crude imports, indicating that Iran oil exports have shifted from opportunistic sales to a structurally embedded supply.
This concentration is driven primarily by pricing dynamics. Iranian crude traded at a US$8–10 per barrel discount to Brent; therefore, Chinese buyers were able to reduce their import bills by billions of dollars annually.
Consequently, demand came mainly from independent refiners in Shandong, which rely on discounted feedstock to sustain operations with narrow margins. Yet, large state-owned oil companies largely avoided direct imports to limit sanctions exposure.
To maintain flow continuity, trade structures are adapted. Such as:
- Crude shipments were often transshipped or relabeled through Malaysia and Indonesia; as a result, volumes remained stable
- Iranian crude represented around 89% of Iran’s total oil export volume, reinforcing China’s role as the primary buyer
- Regular inflows supported refinery utilization despite geopolitical pressure
3. Oman - US$463,4 million
Based on TradeInt’s global import-export records, Iran’s oil exports to Oman in 2025 are highly concentrated in bitumen and processed petroleum products. The top three products, HS 271320 (US$434.6M), HS 271500 (US$22.0M), and HS 271019 (US$6.1M), total for approximately US$462.7 million, taken over 99.8% of Iran’s total oil export value to Oman.
Top 5 Iran Oil Export Products to Oman by HS Code in 2025
- HS 271320– US$434.6M (93.79%): Core bitumen exports supplying Oman’s infrastructure, construction, and downstream industrial demand, while enabling regional re-export and processing.
- HS 271500 – US$22.0M (4.75%):Processed petroleum bitumen used for road construction, industrial maintenance, and niche infrastructure projects.
- HS 271019– US$6.1M (1.32%): Refined petroleum oils supporting fuel blending and industrial energy needs across logistics and processing sectors.
- HS 250300– US$341K (0.07%): Minor sulfur-related inputs for downstream industrial and energy applications.
- HS 151610– US$247K (0.05%): Niche industrial and processing products contributing marginal but diversified trade value.
| Rank | HS Code | Value (US$) | Share (%) | Top Exporting Companies | Top Importing Companies | Economic Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 271320 | $434,588,939 | 93.79% | DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK GOLD TRADE | 🔒 Explore Oman Oil Importing Companies Trade Data 2025 | Represents the core of Iran–Oman oil trade, supplying Oman’s infrastructure, construction, and downstream industrial demand, while supporting regional re-export and processing activity. |
| 2 | 271500 | $22,020,748 | 4.75% | KIAN PROCESSING INITIATIVE | Supports road construction, industrial maintenance, and niche infrastructure projects, reflecting Oman’s steady demand for processed petroleum materials. | |
| 3 | 271019 | $6,128,815 | 1.32% | SEPAHAN OIL | Serves downstream fuel blending and industrial energy needs, enabling flexible sourcing for Oman’s logistics and industrial sectors. | |
| 4 | 250300 | $341,429 | 0.07% | ATLAS ROAD RUNNERS | Serves downstream fuel blending and industrial energy needs, enabling flexible sourcing for Oman’s logistics and industrial sectors. | |
| 5 | 151610 | $246,826 | 0.05% | ZUBAYDEH FATHI | Represents niche industrial and processing demand, contributing small-scale diversification rather than bulk energy trade. |
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In 2025, Iran continued exporting oil and oil-related products to Oman, alongside a rapidly growing non-oil trade. At the same time, bilateral trade expanded, with Iran’s non-oil exports to Oman rising 16% in the first five months and total trade reaching about US$465 million within seven months. Therefore, oil exports to Oman must be viewed within a broader economic relationship rather than in isolation.
This structure shapes Iran oil exports to Oman in several ways:
- Oil volumes remain modest compared to China, yet consistent throughout 2025
- Oman’s neutral stance enables logistics routing and regional redistribution
- Some oil and petroleum products move through or via Oman, supporting onward trade
- Growing cooperation in banking and settlements reduces friction in cross-border trade
4. Afghanistan - US$260.5 million
Where does Afghanistan import oil from in 2025?
In 2025, Afghanistan imports US$260,5 million worth of oil from Iran, according to TradeInt’s global trade data and shipment-level customs records. Iran’s oil exports to Afghanistan are led by HS 271019 (US$89.3M), HS 271012 (US$75.8M), and HS 271119 (US$72.4M). Together, these three products account for approximately US$237.5 million, with a share of over 91% of Iran’s total oil exports to Afghanistan.
Top 5 Iran Oil Export Products to Afghanistan by HS Code in 2025
- HS 271019 – US$89.3M (34.26%):Refined petroleum oils are critical for transportation fuel, electricity generation, and everyday industrial use.
- HS 271012 – US$75.8M (29.10%): Light oil and fuel products supporting civilian consumption and commercial energy needs.
- HS 271119– US$72.4M (27.78%): Petroleum gases and related products improving household energy access and small-scale industrial supply.
- HS 271320– US$7.7M (2.95%): Bitumen products used for construction, road development, and basic infrastructure projects.
- HS 271113 – US$3.9M (1.48%):Liquefied petroleum gases serving localized household and small commercial fuel demand.
| Rank | HS Code | Value (US$) | Share (%) | Top Exporting Companies | Top Importing Companies | Economic Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 271019 | $89,271,808 | 34.26% | ARVAND SHAHAB | 🔒 Explore Afghanistan Oil Importing Companies Trade Data 2025 | Plays a critical role in meeting Afghanistan’s domestic fuel demand, supporting transportation, electricity generation, and basic industrial activity. |
| 2 | 271012 | $75,809,032 | 29.10% | ELIXIR POUYAN COMPANY | Supports fuel supply for civilian consumption and commercial use, reinforcing Afghanistan’s reliance on cross-border petroleum imports from Iran. | |
| 3 | 271119 | $72,378,432 | 27.78% | IRANIAN PETROLEUM PRODUCTS DISTRIBUTION COMPANY | Contributes to energy access for households and small-scale industries, reflecting Iran’s role as a key regional energy supplier. | |
| 4 | 271320 | $7,682,346 | 2.95% | DEVELOPMENT OF THE BLACK GOLD TRADE | Supplies construction and infrastructure projects, supporting road development and basic urban expansion. | |
| 5 | 271113 | $3,851,009 | 1.48% | ABADAN OIL REFINING AND DISTRIBUTION COMPANY | Supports household energy use and small commercial applications, addressing localized fuel needs rather than large-scale industrial demand. |
👉🏻 Explore deeper Afghanistan import-export trade data, including oil and fuel flows, partner countries, and shipment-level insights on TradeInt.
Iran oil export 2025 shows Afghanistan evolving into a demand-driven destination in Iran oil export by country, shaped by fuel dependency, proximity, and infrastructure limits.
Rail-based oil shipments via the Khaf–Herat line began in late 2025; therefore, delivery became cheaper, faster, and safer than road transport, stabilizing supply into a landlocked market. At the same time, Afghanistan’s domestic capacity remains constrained.
The country operates 11 active oil refineries in Balkh province, processing crude from the Amu Darya basin; however, these facilities only partially meet demand. Even a notable handover of 18,000 tons of Amu Darya crude, valued at around 700 million Afghanis, underscored the gap between local output and consumption.
This imbalance shapes trade behavior:
- Refined fuels dominate imports to cover daily energy needs
- Limited refinery quality and scale sustain import reliance
- Rail supply reduces volatility and costs
- Iran’s offers of technical support and investment extend ties beyond sales
In short, Afghanistan depends on Iran oil exports for energy security, while Iran secures a stable neighboring outlet amid sanctions.
5. Pakistan - US$197.9 million
Does Iran sell oil to Pakistan?
Yes, in 2025, Iran sold nearly US$197.9 million worth of oil to Pakistan, according to TradeInt’s global trade data and shipment-level customs records. The top three oil products exported from Iran to Pakistan in 2025 are HS 271119 (US$110.7M), HS 271320 (US$32.2M), and HS 271113 (US$24.2M).
Top 5 Iran Oil Export Products to Pakistan by HS Code in 2025
- HS 271119– US$110.7M (55.93%): Petroleum gases and related products form the backbone of Iran–Pakistan energy trade, supporting households, industry, and power generation.
- HS 271320– US$32.2M (16.29%): Bitumen products used in road construction and infrastructure development across Pakistan’s transport and public works sectors.
- HS 271113– US$24.2M (12.25%): Liquefied petroleum gases supplying residential and commercial energy needs, improving fuel diversification and supply stability.
- HS 271019 – US$23.3M (11.75%):Refined petroleum oils supporting industrial fuel use and blending requirements in Pakistan’s downstream energy market.
- HS 271290– US$2.7M (1.35%): Niche petroleum wax and specialty products contributing marginal but diversified industrial trade value.
| Rank | HS Code | Value (US$) | Share (%) | Top Exporting Companies | Top Importing Companies | Economic Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 271119 | $110,676,594 | 55.93% | NATIONAL IRANIAN GAS COMPANY | 🔒 Explore Pakistan Oil Importing Companies Trade Data 2025 | Forms the backbone of Iran–Pakistan energy trade, supporting household consumption, industrial fuel needs, and electricity generation amid domestic energy shortages. |
| 2 | 271320 | $32,242,310 | 16.29% | INSULATED ROOF UMBRELLA PRODUCTION | Supplies road construction and infrastructure development, reflecting strong demand from Pakistan’s transport and public works sectors. | |
| 3 | 271113 | $24,245,464 | 12.25% | PERSIAN GULF STAR OIL | Supports residential and commercial energy use, contributing to fuel diversification and localized supply stability. | |
| 4 | 271019 | $23,257,939 | 11.75% | SEPAHAN OIL | Serves industrial fuel and blending requirements, enabling flexibility in Pakistan’s downstream energy market. | |
| 5 | 271290 | $2,670,818 | 1.35% | ASHKAN CHEMISTRY ISFAHAN | Represents niche industrial usage, contributing marginal but diversified trade value beyond core fuel products. |
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By late 2025, Iran’s exports to Pakistan reached around US$2.4 billion, covering petroleum products alongside chemicals and machinery. As a result, Iran oil exports to Pakistan are economically meaningful, even if crude oil itself is not the dominant formal category.
Along the Iran–Pakistan border, diesel and petrol smuggling remains widespread, with informal oil flows estimated at hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Therefore, Iran oil export data understates actual consumption, as fuel demand in Pakistan continues to pull supply across the border through non-official channels.
This dual structure defines performance:
- Formal exports focus on refined petroleum and gas products, not large-scale crude
- Informal fuel inflows fill gaps caused by energy shortages and price differentials
- Both governments set ambitious targets to lift bilateral trade to US$8–10 billion per year
- Sanctions, border security, and payment barriers continue to slow full formalisation
Nevertheless, Pakistan’s chronic fuel demand ensures continued inflows, while Iran secures a nearby outlet for oil products. Iran oil export 2025 data shows the future outlook that Pakistan is less a stable end-market and more a pressure valve, absorbing supply through a mix of policy ambition and ground-level reality.
Conclusion
Iran oil export 2025 highlights a trade pattern shaped by concentration, proximity, and adaptability. Total Iran oil exports reached US$7.7 billion, with the UAE (US$4.4B), China (US$721.6M), and Oman (US$463.4M) accounting for more than 72% of export value, confirming a strong reliance on regional hubs and great Asian demand.
Meanwhile, secondary markets such as Afghanistan and Pakistan underline Iran’s role as a critical energy supplier to neighboring, import-dependent economies. Across countries, Iran oil export data shows resilience despite sanctions, with flows shifting toward refined products, logistics gateways, and alternative routes.
For businesses and analysts seeking deeper visibility into Iran oil exports by country, TradeInt provides the shipment-level intelligence needed to track markets, products, and evolving trade routes with confidence.
FAQ
1. How much oil does Iran export in 2025?
In 2025, Iran’s total oil export value reached US$7.70 billion, based on TradeInt’s verified Iran oil shipment and customs records. Exports remained resilient despite sanctions, supported by strong regional demand and stable logistics routes.
You can also: Explore more Iran export markets beyond oil
2. What countries buy oil from Iran?What are the top 5 crude oil-producing countries?
Iran oil export data for 2025 shows that oil shipments were primarily absorbed by regional and Asian markets. TradeInt’s verified Iran oil export data reveals that the United Arab Emirates (US$4.41B), China (US$721.6M), and Oman (US$463.4M) together accounted for over 72% of Iran’s total oil export value, followed by Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, and Iraq.
You can also: Try a free search on top global buyers of Iranian oil using TradeInt’s Global Trade Search tool
3. Who is the biggest buyer of Iranian oil?
The United Arab Emirates is the largest destination for Iran oil exports in 2025, importing US$4.41 billion, equal to 57.29% of total export value, data supplied by TradeInt’s global trade intelligence. Most shipments are fuel oil and refined petroleum products routed through UAE ports for storage, blending, and re-export rather than domestic consumption.
Want to search for Iran’s past oil trade records? Try a free trade record search using TradeInt’s Global Trade Search tool
4.Why does Iran export oil to neighboring countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan?
From TradeInt’s latest oil export data of Iran, Afghanistan (US$260.5M) and Pakistan (US$197.9M) rely on Iranian petroleum products to meet fuel shortages, electricity generation needs, and transportation demand. Proximity, lower transport costs, and limited domestic refining capacity make Iran a natural supplier for both markets in 2025.
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